What is the starting current of induction motors compared to the rated running current?

The starting current of induction motors is typically four to nine times the rated running current due to the nature of how these motors operate. When an induction motor starts, it initially draws a high amount of current to overcome inertia and establish rotor motion. This high starting current is necessary because the motor needs to build up sufficient torque to start rotating from a complete standstill.

As the motor accelerates and approaches its rated speed, the current demands decrease significantly as the back electromotive force (back EMF) created by the rotating magnetic field increases. Once the motor reaches its rated speed, the current stabilizes to a much lower level known as the running or full-load current. The substantial difference between starting and running currents is a critical aspect of induction motor characteristics, and it is important to consider in applications where power supply capacity and protection settings are involved.

The other options do not accurately represent the typical starting current behavior of induction motors. While startup currents can vary depending on specific motor designs, environmental conditions, and load conditions, the four to nine times range is widely accepted in engineering practices related to motor applications.