What happens to the power factor of an induction motor as the load increases?

As the load on an induction motor increases, the power factor tends to improve, meaning it increases until it reaches a maximum value at full load. This behavior occurs because, at lower loads, the motor operates less efficiently, and a larger portion of the current is reactive, which corresponds to a lower power factor. However, as the mechanical load increases, the motor requires more real power (active power) to produce the necessary torque. This leads to a better balance between the active and reactive power components.

At full load, the motor achieves its optimal performance, where the power factor stabilizes at a higher value compared to lower loads. This increase in power factor indicates not only improved efficiency but also a reduction in wasted energy in the form of reactive power. Thus, it reflects a more effective utilization of electrical power in the motor operation.

Understanding this behavior is crucial for applications in which energy efficiency is a priority, as a higher power factor can lead to reduced demand charges and improvements in the overall electrical system's performance.