What does the fundamental theorem of arithmetic state?

The fundamental theorem of arithmetic is a key principle in number theory that asserts that every integer greater than 1 can be expressed uniquely as a product of prime numbers. This means that for any integer, you can break it down into a multiplication of primes in one and only one way, disregarding the order of the factors.

For example, the number 30 can be expressed as 2 × 3 × 5, and there are no other prime factors that will multiply together to give 30. This uniqueness is essential for the structure of the integers and establishes primes as the "building blocks" of whole numbers.

Understanding this theorem is crucial because it lays the foundation for many concepts in mathematics, particularly in fields like cryptography, factorization, and number theory. The other options do not accurately reflect the conclusion or implications of the fundamental theorem; thus, they do not convey the fundamental concept correctly.