Symmetrical components are used for:

Symmetrical components are a powerful mathematical tool used specifically for analyzing unbalanced three-phase systems. When a system is unbalanced—meaning the currents or voltages in the three phases are not equal or do not maintain a constant phase relationship—symmetrical components can be applied to decompose these unbalanced phasors into three distinct sets of balanced phasors: positive, negative, and zero sequence components. This decomposition simplifies the analysis of fault conditions, allows for easier calculations of system performance, and enables engineers to design and implement corrective measures to restore balance.

Utilizing symmetrical components is particularly beneficial because it reduces the complexity of calculations involved with analyzing unbalanced systems by translating the problem into a series of simpler balanced problems. In doing so, all current and voltage measurements can be managed more effectively, leading to more accurate evaluations of system stability and performance, especially during fault conditions.

The other options, such as mapping the electrical grid, calculating total power loss, and determining phase angles, pertain to different analytical tools or methodologies in electrical engineering that do not specifically address the decomposition of unbalanced phasors, highlighting the unique value of symmetrical components in system analysis.